Pathophysiology Of A Common Form Of Diabetes Mellitus

Pathophysiology Diabetes mellitus is broadly described as a chronic, metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion and action. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common form of diabetes mellitus that has emerged as one of the biggest health problems today affecting millions of people. The core defects that lead to T2DM are insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue, progressive ÃŽ ²-cell dysfunction, and excessive hepatic glucose production (â€Å"Facts about type 2†, 2015). T2DM has been known to predominantly affect overweight or obese individuals although studies have made it clear that individuals vary are susceptibility. This paper seeks to explain the pathophysiology of T2DM†¦show more content†¦However, the level of insulin is inappropriately low relative to their elevated blood glucose concentration. According to the American Diabetes Association (2015), type 2 diabetes has been classified as an illness due to the progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance. Insulin and glucagon are known to be the key mediators in balancing plasma glucose in a healthy body. Insulin is a hormone from the pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cell that decreases plasma glucose by driving tissues uptake of glucose from the blood stream and suppressing hepatic glucose production. On the other hand, glucagon stimulates hepatic glucose production which then raises glucose level in the body. Amylin, a hormone, is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cells that are responsible for modulating the rate of gastric emptying and suppresses the release of glucagon. Course of Illness/Trajectory A disease trajectory is defined as the course of an illness over time, plus the actions of clients, families and healthcare professionals to manage that course. In the assessment of disease trajectory, research spans all phases of the health/illness trajectory that include people who are healthy, critically ill, living with the chronic illness, and those at the end of life. Type II diabetes mellitus, when examined against the historical trajectory of changes in indigenous health, is a relatively new disease. According to Larsen (2009), it

World War I Poetry with Emphasis on Wilfred Owens

World War I spanned four years, from June 1914 to June 1918. During this war, technological advances increased the danger for the soldiers who took part in battle. Poison gas and trench warfare transformed World War I into a cesspool of sickness and death. Poetry during World War I provided a way to connect people back home with the horrific lifestyle soldiers had to face on a daily basis. Poets such as Wilfred Owens used vivid imagery, dire diction, and other literary devices to depict the grueling tasks of warfare. World War I, otherwise known as the Great War, began on June 28th, 1914, when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia. This began a four year war that took the lives of thirty-seven million people. The†¦show more content†¦But the struggle, and the sense that one is saving bits from the wreckage, doesn’t give one a chance to be mastered by the unutterable woe† (Gay). Chemical warfare was developed by German scientist in 1914, but was not deemed chivalrous until January 1915. . The Germans launched the first major poison gas attack near Ypres on April 22, 1915. French colonial troops were the victims. Two days later another gas attack hit Canadian troops who had just entered the trenches. On both occasions the Germans inflicted thousands of casualties and penetrated enemy lines but failed to achieve the hoped-for decisive results. Much the same pattern would follow as the war progressed. Following the initial German example, both sides used increasingly treacherous varieties of poison gas and perfected methods of delivery (Lengel 18). The use of poison gas claimed the lives of 500,000 to 650,000 people. One man who served for the British Expeditionary Force described poison gas as, â€Å"a crawling yellow cloud that pours in upon you, that gets you by the throat and shakes you as a huge mastiff might shake a kitten, leaves you burning in every ne rve and vein of your body with pain unthinkable† (Gay). Wilfred Owens was born on March 18, 1893 in Shropshire, England. Following his grandfather’s death, The Owens family moved to Birkenhead. Owens began studying at the Birkenhead Institution in 1897. In 1906 Owens’s family moved again, and WilfredShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est1692 Words   |  7 Pagesback to the Poetry and Society unit of the literature topic. We are moving on from last week’s poetry type, American slam and we are now studying Protest and Resistance poetry. The protest poem ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, written by Wilfred Owen, challenges the dominant World War One ideologies of militarism and nationalism. You will find that this poem is a great example as it defies the dominant values and beliefs of war in Britain. Wilfred Owen Let’s discuss the poet. Wilfred Owen was one of theRead MoreHow Does Wilfred Owen Explore the Horror of War Through the Power of Poetry?1110 Words   |  5 PagesWilfred Owen, War Poems and Others How does Wilfred Owen explore the horror of war through the power of poetry? Throughout the several poems Wilfred Owen wrote throughout his experience during the First World War, he explores many themes in relation to the war and the emotions associated with these. One of the most prevalent ideas Wilfred Owen chooses to emphasise in many of his poems is that of the sense of horror associated with war and all the consequences of it such as those including deathRead MoreThe Most Influential Moments Of The First World War1136 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The First World War was one of the most influential moments of the twentieth century where literate soldiers fought in inhuman conditions and reacted to their surroundings through written words, most often poetry. Jessie Pope and Wilfred Owen were made famous by the poetry they wrote, about describing various war experiences. Both poets wrote from completely different perspectives of war. Jessie Pope born in Leicester (England) in 1868 was an English poet, writer and journalist whoRead MoreCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy1660 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy I. Introduction: 1. Introducing what is going to be discussed in the paper (analysis of Arms and the Boy , its relation to one of Owens poem). 2. Thesis Statement : Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy can be discussed to represent the horror of war. II. Body: 1. Owen was a soldier and a modern poet who was known as anti-war poet. A. A summary of Owens poetry in general . B. His representation of the horror of war in his poems. 2. ArmsRead MoreIs Vitai Lampada Similar to Dulce Et Decorum Est1634 Words   |  7 PagesIn the essay I am going to compare and contrast the way in which different attitudes to war are presented in the poems ‘Dulce et Decorum est’. And ‘Vitai Lampada’. Both poem are a bout war but they are wrote in completely different ways. Firstly, Wilfred Owen wrote a poem named Dulce et Decorum. Wilfred Owen was born in 1893 in Owestry, Shropshire and he died in 1918. Dulce et Decorum was written in 1917. Wilfred Owen enlisted for the war in 1915 and trained in England untilRead MoreAnalytical Essay on Wilfred Owens War Poetry- Dulce Et Decorum Est- by Za1715 Words   |  7 Pages2010 and 15 years of Age British war poet, Wilfred Owen, incorporates many techniques of poetry writing in his works. As a soldier, Owen often wrote poems which described the misery and hardships on the fronts of World War One. To illustrate the image and scenes of the conflict, Owen uses an array of techniques which can be noticed in his poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† In the poem, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, Owen recollects the event of a gas attack on returning soldiers. Owen writes the poem in his own voiceRead MoreThe Different Aspects of Conflict in a Selection of Four War Poems1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Different Aspects of Conflict in a Selection of Four War Poems Many poems have been witnessed throughout history that show different views on war and the glory and sacrifices made. Everyone was affected, from the men in the front lines to women and children working back at home. Men involved in the war effort often wrote poems to record their thoughts and feelings, or simply to pass the time. Poetry was an outlet through which they could express great depthRead MoreEssay on How do the later war poets differ in their treatment of war970 Words   |  4 PagesHow do the later war poets differ in their treatment of war from early war poets? World War I was noticeable for the vast amounts of poetry that was produced from many of the soldiers. The poets wrote vastly over the years 1914-1918 and they all expressed many different opinions. It was a way of getting their views across to other people. Some of the poems even made aware of the fact and the true horror of the war. During the first half of World War I, the poems that were produced had aRead MoreWilfred Owen Poem Analysis Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesWilfred Owen’s poetry is shaped by an intense focus on extraordinary human experiences. In at least 2 poems set for study, explore Owen’s portrayal of suffering and pity. One is to think of war as one of the most honorable and noble services that a man can attend to for his country, it is seen as one of the most heroic ways to die for the best cause. The idea of this is stripped down and made a complete mockery of throughout both of Wilfred Owen’s poems â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for DoomedRead MoreEssay on The Subject of War in Poetry from Different Time Periods2022 Words   |  9 PagesThe Subject of War in Poetry from Different Time Periods Dulce e Decorum est by Wilfred Owen, Suicide In the Trenches by Siegfried Sassoon and The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred Tennyson. From studying the selection of texts (Poetry and Prose) what have you learnt about the different way writers from different periods deal with the subject of war. The three poems that I have chosen to talk about are â€Å"Dulce e Decorum est† by Wilfred Owen, â€Å"Suicide In the Trenches† by Siegfried

Life Is A Dream King Monologue Essay Example For Students

Life Is A Dream King Monologue Essay A monologue from the play by Pedro Calderon de la Barca NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Eight Dramas of Calderon. Trans. Edward Fitzgerald. London: Macmillan Co., 1906. KING: Rise, both of you, Rise to my arms, Astolfo and Estrella; As my two sisters\ children always mine, Now more than ever, since myself and Poland Solely to you for our succession look\d. And now give ear, you and your several factions, And you, the Peers and Princes of this realm, While I reveal the purport of this meeting In words whose necessary length I trust No unsuccessful issue shall excuse. You and the world who have surnamed me Sage Know that I owe that title, if my due, To my long meditation on the book Which ever lying open overhead The book of heaven, I meanso few have read; Whose golden letters on whose sapphire leaf, Distinguishing the page of day and night, And all the revolution of the year; So with the turning volume where they lie Still changing their prophetic syllables, They register the destinies of men: Until with eyes that, dim with years indeed, Are quicker to pursue the stars than rule them, I get the start of Time, and from his hand The wand of tardy revelation draw. Oh, had the self-same heaven upon his page Inscribed my death ere I should read my life And, by fore-casting of my own mischance, Play not the victim but the suicide In my own tragedy!But you shall hear. You know how once, as kings must for their people, And only once, as wise men for themselves, I woo\d and wedded: know too that my Queen In childbirth died; but not, as you believe, With her, the son she died in giving life to. For, as the hour of birth was on the stroke, Her brain conceiving with her womb, she dream\d A serpent tore her entrail. And too surely (For evil omen seldom speaks in vain) The man-child breaking from that living tomb That makes our birth the antitype of death, Man-grateful, for the life she gave him paid By killing her: and with such circumstance As suited such unnatural tragedy; He coming into light, if light it were That darken\d at his very horoscope, When heaven\s two championssun and moon I mean Suffused in blood upon each other fell In such a raging duel of eclipse As hath not terrified the universe Since that which wept in blood the death of Christ: When the dead walk\d, the waters turn\d to blood, Earth and her cities totter\d, and the world Seem\d shaken to its last paralysis. In such a paroxysm of dissolution That son of mine was born; by that first act Heading the monstrous catalogue of crime, I found fore-written in his horoscope; As great a monster in man\s history As was in nature his nativity; So savage, bloody, terrible, and impious, Who, should he live, would tear his country\s entrails, As by his birth his mother\s; with which crime Beginning, he should clench the dreadful tale By trampling on his father\s silver head. All which fore-reading, and his act of birth Fate\s warrant that I read his life aright; To save his country from his mother\s fate, I gave abroad that he had died with her His being slew; with midnight secrecy I had him carried to a lonely tower Hewn from the mountain-barriers of the realm, And under strict anathema of death Guarded from men\s inquisitive approach, Save from the trusty few one needs must trust; Who while his fasten\d body they provide With salutary garb and nourishment, Instruct his soul in what no soul may miss Of holy faith, and in such other lore As may solace his life-imprisonment, And tame perhaps the Savage prophesied Toward such a trial as I aim at now, And now demand your special hearing to. What in this fearful business I have done, Judge whether lightly or maliciously, I, with my own and only flesh and blood, And proper lineal inheritor! I swear, had his foretold atrocities Touch\d me alone, I had not saved myself At such a cost to him; but as a king, A Christian king,I say, advisedly, Who would devote his people to a tyrant Worse than Caligula fore-chronicled? But even this not without mis-giving, Lest by some chance mis-reading of the stars, Or mis-direction of what rightly read, I wrong my son of his prerogative, And Poland of her rightful sovereign. For, sure and certain prophets as the stars, Although they err not, he who reads them may; Or rightly readingseeing there is One Who governs them, as, under Him, they us, We are not sure if the rough diagram They draw in heaven and we interpret here, Be sure of operation, if the Will Supreme, that sometimes for some special end The course of providential nature breaks By miracle, may not of these same stars Cancel his own first draft, or overrule What else fore-written all else overrules. As, for example, should the Will Almighty Permit the Free-will of particular man To break the meshes of else strangling fate Which Free-will, fearful of foretold abuse, I have myself from my own son for-closed From ever possible self-extrication; A terrible responsibility, Not to the conscience to be reconciled Unless opposing almost certain evil Against so slight contingency of good. Wellthus perplex\d, I have resolved at last To bring the thing nto trial: whereunto Here have I summon\d you, my Peers, and you Whom I more dearly look to, failing him, As witnesses to that which I propose; And thus propose the doing it. Clotaldo, Who guards my son with old fidelity, Shall bring him hither from his tower by night Locked in a sleep so fast as by my art I rivet to within a link of death, But yet from death so far, that next day\s dawn Shall wake him up upon the royal bed, Complete in consciousness and faculty, When with all princely pomp and retinue My loyal Peers with due obeisance Shall hail him Segismund, the Prince of Poland. Then if with any show of human kindness He fling discredit, not upon the stars, But upon me, their misinterpreter, With all apology mistaken age Can make to youth it never meant to harm, To my son\s forehead will I shift the crown I long have wish\d upon a younger brow; And in religious humiliation, For what of worn-out age remains to me, Entreat my pardon both of Heaven and him For tempting destinies beyond my reach. But if, as I misdoubt, at his first step The hoof of the predicted savage shows; Before predicted mischief can be done, The self-same sleep that loosed him from the chain Shall re-consign him, not to loose again. Then shall I, having lost that heir direct, Look solely to my sisters\ children twain Each of a claim so equal as divides The voice of Poland to their several sides, But, as I trust, to be entwined ere long Into one single wreath so fair and strong As shall at once all difference atone, And cease the realm\s division with their own. Cousins and Princes, Peers and Councillors, Such is the purport of this invitation, And such is my design. Whose furtherance If not as Sovereign, if not as Seer, Yet one whom these white locks, if nothing else, To patient acquiescence consecrate, I now demand and even supplicate. .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 , .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .postImageUrl , .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 , .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3:hover , .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3:visited , .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3:active { border:0!important; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3:active , .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3 .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb8063a87c7d9c32d717708b9dee78d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life Experiences in Farewell to Manzanar Essay

Product management Brand or product quality for customers

Introduction While competition becomes a common phenomenon, it’s even becoming much more severe in the today’s business world. Therefore, winning over of the clients’ mind thoughts as well as their desires of heart has been very important thing. Numerous organizations have known that brand names are some of the most important and valuable tools available for marketing of their products and services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product management: Brand or product quality for customers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With this kind of understanding and knowledge, many companies have used brand names on their products and services as a way of associating company with products and services mainly for reasons of competition. It is viewed that brand products represent a particular value that is associated with the production or manufacturing company (Christ, 2008). Definition of case study In the marketing field, the term brand products has both been misused and overused as in the whole business world. This implies that branding is term that has been given different definitions according to knowledge and understanding of the different persons. Generally, a brand may be a name, symbol, sign or any other feature that is used to distinguish a company’s products from those of its competitors. A company can therefore compete with its rivals through the means of differentiation of its products by exercising branding practices and quality production. A company can also become a better competitor to combat its rivals through generalization of the products. This is whereby the products can be universally used (Flaschner, 2011). Obviously, the superficial view is that generalization is better practice than differentiation associated with the practice of branding, due to the universality on the usage of the products which opens the possibility of capturing a wider market sh are; however, this is a falsified impression in the sense that, generalized products have got short market advantages and benefits. The generalized products are prone to many market risks, which may thwart the market share expansion of the product or service within a short period of time. though is anticipated that most of the luxurious good and services should be produced in the form of generalized products for the purpose of capturing a large market share, there hidden dangers of having the benefits transferred to a second beneficiary rather than the producer. For instance, Microsoft windows are one of the computer software which is widely applied in the performance of several computer tasks. though in the first place it appeared that Microsoft windows generalization was going to capture a very large market, which indeed it has done, there are a lot of problems which a rose since is initial launching.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Microsoft windows has been shown to have been an issue surrounded by saga of insecure distribution of the product, which is a major problem associated with the feature of generalization (Chaudhuri and Holbrook, 2002). A part from this, overtly it can be argued that the wide market share of the software is not greatly associated with the characteristic of generalization. However, the quality of the design has been a key driving factor for its capturing of the diverse market and the large market share. Microsoft windows was designated is such a way that integrated simplicity to enable ease of utilization by any person with basic knowledge of computer technology. Needless to say is that the simplicity was a kind of quality feature which the customers needed for the purpose of executing the various tasks without experiencing any hardships but it was not a characteristic or attribute meant to achieve the goal of generalization (Freeman, 2008). It is also important to note that Microsoft windows design quality has not only been created and attained by its use in the modern computer technology, but since its production, it has remained among the leading software not in a particular state but globally and in all computerized system. This perhaps has been enabled by its compatibility feature, which over the year has made to support the numerous other programs without necessary call for modifications. Despite of its international employment to perform and support millions of computer systems, the software has remained stable. The above brand feature and qualities have led to creation of a greater customer attraction, and therefore it imparted a high sense of loyalty among the consumers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product management: Brand or product quality for customers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evidently, it has been establi shed that a large percentage of clients who have previously used the software still purchase the company’s products for new installation or updates and they also advise new potential clients to go for the same kind of products from the corporation. Conclusion As I conclude, producing of brand products bears several advantages to the consumer and manufacturing organization. Brand products act as a form of advertisement instrument of the company and thus it integrate not only the branding item but quality of the products is maintained by company in order to ensure consumers remain loyal to the company. In the mention of quality, it does not mean that the product has top feature, but need to possess the features that attracts the consumers for client have specific qualities and feature which they look for when purchasing products or services. Organizations should avoid using generalized products as these are likely to lose market easily through lose of quality through counterfei t processes. References Chaudhuri, A. and Holbrook, B. (2002). Product-class effects on brand commitment and brand outcomes: The role of brand trust and brand affect. Journal of Brand Management, 10(1), 33-59 Christ, P. (2008). Principles of Marketing. KnowThis.com. Retrieve April 29, 2011, from https://www.knowthis.com/Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flaschner, A. (2011). Quality Function Deployment. Trident University Freeman, J. (2008). The Marketing Mix: Products and Branding. PPT Trident University This essay on Product management: Brand or product quality for customers was written and submitted by user Amel1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Seamus Heaney`S Digging Essays - Literature, Poetry,

Seamus Heaney`S Digging The Modernist theme of mechanization, brought on by the beginning of World War I and the technological revolution of the era, manifests itself powerfully and completely in the language of Seamus Heaneys first poem, Digging. From various literary devices, as well as graphic imagery the mechanization of the human spirit comes to life in the form of his father, and grandfather. The past and present become one, with the common bond the honest work of the Irish poor. In his own way, and with his own pen, Heaney develops the idea of mechanized men who, through the drudgery and repetition of their lives, create a life for them and their families, taking pride in their work, and acceptance of their fate. He develops seamlessly the idea of a man-machine, a hybrid of automation and human, married by toil and tool. Likewise, Heaney writes this as a way to tie himself to his ancestors in the British Isles, illustrating the power that they wielded with shovel and sweat, making their contribution no less enlightened than his own. In his first poem, Heaney develops the image of mechanization and automation that follows the poor of his country, through graphic imagery, sound, and literary mastery. Heaneys imagery throughout the poem echoes the automation of the workers, illustrating the type of work that they do as something that could be done by machinery. Titling the piece Digging immediately highlights for the reader the verbal connotation of the work, and puts the theme of work, and of manual labor into the limelight. As well, Heaneys use of the word gun to describe his squat pen in line 2 places the emphasis on machinery allowing a comparison of the human condition to present technology. This theme continues throughout the poem, as Heaney likens his fathers act of digging to that of a machine, as his father nestled on the lug, the shaft/Against the inside knee was levered firmly. (ll.10-11) These words take the labor out of the realm of man, by using mechanical terms to describe the marriage of shovel and man, creating an altogether different image of a type of robot tearing up sod. While he describes this straining rump, Heaney takes this man out of the realm of men, and into a realm of manufactured workers, a realm of repetition, a realm of stooping workers, their humanity set aside to finish the job at hand. However, while Heaney describes the toil of his father, he also ties it to the alike labor of a past generation, namely his grandfathers, used to nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sods/Over his shoulder.(22-23) This juxtaposition of past and present illustrates the monotony of the work involved, and how things take time to change. Heaney creates the transition between his father and grandfather in a two-line stanza that highlights the pride of these men, and how their automation gave cause for praise from their descendant, Heaney. Their legacy of hard work, however mechanized, illustrates the value placed on labor in their society. While Heaney creates the idea of men-machines through visual images and parts, he also creates a very auditory world, one that echoes the act of a factory, or a piece of farm machinery. From the first stanza, with its clean rasping sound, the readers ear can almost hear the whir of a lawn mower, or something of that nature, cutting and slicing. (3) The rhythm of Heaneys fathers digging highlights the monotony of the act, the incessant meter of his practiced spade. This coincides with the sounds in the prior stanza, as the authors first recollection is an auditory one. Later in the poem, the squelch and slap/Of soggy peat, continues the idea of a machine chugging away at the turf, creating again the essence of a machine oblivious to the conditions of the work men. (25-26) Heaneys workers are extremely vivid, both physically and mentally, even after so many years, and the trials and hardships that they endure, day in and day out, add to the essence of their existence, one that lends ac ceptance to the fact that they are somewhat more than men, that their labor, however menial, is somewhat mechanized, somewhat heroic, and altogether driven

serfs rights and responsibilities Essays

serfs rights and responsibilities Essays serfs rights and responsibilities Essay serfs rights and responsibilities Essay RESPONSIBILITIES The usual serf paid his fees and taxes in the form of seasonally labour. Usually a portion of the week was devoted to ploughing his lords fields, harvesting crops, digging ditches, repairing fences, and often working in the manor house. The remainder of the serfs time was devoted to tending his own fields, crops and animals in order to provide for his family. Most manorial work was segregated by gender during the regular times of the year; however, during the harvest, the whole family was expected to work the fields. A major difficulty ofa serfs life was that his work or his lord coincided with, and took precedence over, the work he had to perform on his own lands o When the lords crops were ready to be harvested, so were his own. On the other hand, the serf of a benign lord could look forward to being well fed during his service; it was a lord without foresight who did not provide a substantial meal for his serfs during the harvest and pl anting times. In exchange for this work on the lords demesne, the serf had certain privileges and rights, including for example the right to gather deadwood from their lords forests, an essential fuel source. In addition to service, a serf was required to pay certain taxes and fees. oTaxes were based on the assessed value of his lands and holdings. Fees were usually paid in the form of agricultural produce rather than cash. The best ration of wheat from the serfs harvest often went to the landlord. Generally hunting and trapping of wild game by the serfs on the lords property was prohibited. o On Easter Sunday the peasant family perhaps might owe an extra dozen eggs, and at Christmas a goose was perhaps required too. When a family member died, extra taxes were paid to he lord as a form of feudal relief to enable the heir to keep the right to till what land he had. Any young woman who wished to marry a serf outside of her manor was forced to pay a fee for the right to leave her lord, and in comp ensation for her lost labour. It was also a matter of discussion whether serfs could be required by law in times of war or conflict to fight for their lords land and property. o In the case of their lords defeat, their own fate might be uncertain, so the serf certainly had an interest in supporting his lord. POLITICAL RIGHTS Serfs in the middle ages had some form of political rights and were allowed to form their own village courts, known as Halimotes. They created regulations and codes of conducts to be adhered by the village members. Their laws pertained to every aspect of village life including: o Intermarriages, o Working in the fields o Festivities and celebrations The courts typically compromised of 12 representatives who had responsibilities of enforcing the martial laws. The common wisdom is that a serf owned only his belly o Even his clothes were the property, in law, of his lord † a serf might still ccumulate personal property and wealth, and some se became wealthi er than their free neighbors, although this was rare. A well-to-do serf might even be able to buy his freedom. A serf could grow what crop he saw fit on his lands. o Although a serfs taxes often had to be paid in wheat. The surplus he would sell at market. The landlord could not dispossess his serfs without legal cause and was supposed to protect them from the depredations of robbers or other lords, and he was expected to support them by charity in times of famine. Many such rights were enforceable by the serf in the manorial court.

Develop Work Prop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Develop Work Prop - Essay Example It is important that customer's are kept in good humor by being in regulat touch with them and updating them about the latest on their orders. Customers, if taken in confidence, do take the occasional delays in their stride. Delegation of power to suitable and capable subordinates is very crucial for smooth functioning of any organization. Reassigning the responsibilities in such a manner that if someone is not in a position to come to office for couple of days then there must be a stop gap arrangement who can take over the responsibility and the overall functioning doesn't come to a halt. For example Jose himself is feeling overburdened already therefore he must stop insisting that all communication about the installation was routed through him. Ans 3: Action Plan for Jose Goal Action/ tasks Standard applied Who Date Change in Attitude A motivated manager Behavior monitoring Jose Sept 1, 2006 Fine tuning relationship with others A cohesive team formation Team management Jose and other team members Sept 10, 2006 A good leader Leadership Training: A leader owning responsibility for failures while distributing the credits for success Leadership skill and respect from other members Jose Oct. 17, 2006 Action plan for Jose's Team Goal Action/ tasks Standard applied Who Date Mutual respect Start respecting each other's viewpoints Behavior monitoring All team members Sept 1, 2006 Fine tuning relationship with others A cohesive team Team management Jose and other team members Sept 20, 2006 Meeting deadlines All orders to be completed within the deadline The team output Team Oct 5. , 2006 Clearing the backlog All delayed projects to be completed Team output as well as customer's goodwill Team As soon as...A person not having a title/ post of manager is also supposed to manage the things. If someone thinks that only 'manager' has to manage that means either he is running away from responsibility or he is not skilled enough to manage. Jacinta is good in scheduling technique so, instead of, discouraging and suppressing her ability, Jose must try to make good use of her scheduling expertise. This will have a positive impact on the outcome of Jose's section, which in turn will enhance the reputation of Jose - the Manager. It is important that customer's are kept in good humor by being in regulat touch with them and updating them about the latest on their orders. Customers, if taken in confidence, do take the occasional delays in their stride. Delegation of power to suitable and capable subordinates is very crucial for smooth functioning of any organization. Reassigning the responsibilities in such a manner that if someone is not in a position to come to office for couple of days then there must be a stop gap arrangement who can take over the responsibility and the overall functioning doesn't come to a halt. For example Jose himself is feeling overburdened already therefore he must stop insisting that all communication about the installation was routed through him. 1. Jose has to realize that he is a 'Manager'. And a manager is responsible for making 'things happen'.

Contrast education (History of Education) Research Paper

Contrast education (History of Education) - Research Paper Example Massachusetts was the first state which implemented compulsory attendance laws in the educational sector. In 2004 their public expenditure for students per head was fifth in the country. They secured highest grade in the National Assessment of students as a mark of their progressive attitude towards education. As far as Middle East colonies in United States are concerned the education was the responsibility of church as well as the family to which the students belong. During that time the aim of education was to bring up children as god fearing individuals. The implementations of all educational schemes were focusing towards the religious matters. Education was only a tool to uplift the religion and its wild customs. It was from these educational institutions that the lifestyle of the people of Middle East states were got molded. As time passed the religion developed least interest on education and the system of public schooling has completely vanished from American colonies. Nowadays the government has proper control over all educational institutions in the states. Thus the history of education in old Massachusetts and Middle and Southern states have got some remarkable differences.

Political Philosophy 3 paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political Philosophy 3 paper - Essay Example Therefore, this essay will delve on two Greek philosophers, Epictetus and Epicurus, to try to understand their ideologies regarding the importance of living life without having to worry of the occurrence of death. According to ancient philosophy, Epicurus was an ancient philosopher that lived between two hundred and seventy one and three hundred and forty one B.C. He founded his school of philosophy in Athens where he spent most of his life. Epicurus was a philosopher who related the aspect of pleasure with good and the aspect of bad with pain concerning living. This concept became Hedonism, a Greek word meaning pleasure. For Epicurus, being sensuous and exalting life did not quantify for Epicureanism to form opinion on the views of living. However, Epicurus was of the belief that a pleasurable life came from having calm emotions through the appreciation of simple but beautiful pleasantries of life. These pleasures include good company of friends, a healthy diet, morally upright behavior, and good personal health. This meant that people were not to worry about death, but only had to concern themselves with pleasure and pain (Pojman 531). Therefore, Epicurus believed that death was not a feeli ng hence advising people not to be fearful of death. Ideally, this philosopher was a great believer in the doctrines of philosophy because to him philosophy was a constant factor in the life of any individual. Further, Epicurus felt that people needed to focus on the aspects of life that made them happy as part of living a fulfilled life. However, this philosopher had a queer belief in matters related to God and other gods, but acknowledged their existence. In essence, Epicurus believed that these higher deities received much accreditation for what they truly were not. For him, ill fate befell those that lived wicked lives and blessings followed those that did well hence

Importance Of Profit And Loss Account Accounting Essay

Importance Of Profit And Loss Account Accounting Essay The Profit and Loss Account is a Financial Statement which summarizes a companys revenue and expenditure for a specific period of time, usually prepared annually or quarterly. These statements provide information that shows the ability of a company to generate profits by increasing its revenues and reducing costs. The Profit and Loss Account is also known as a Statement of Profit and Loss, an Income Statement or an Income and Expense Statement. IMPORTANCE OF PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT : Profit and Loss Account represents a companys ability to generate income through their business operations. Many times businesses will need financing to help create the facilities for their operations. Smaller companies usually obtain bank loans that are based on the amount of income a company has earned from past operations. Solid Profit and Loss history is essential for getting the best loan terms. Profit and loss statements are important also because many companies are required by law or association membership to complete them. Apart from this, a profit and loss statement will help the company to understand their net income, which may be helpful in decision-making processes. That is, it gives one the information needed to grow or expand his business. KEY ITEMS OF THE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT : Income from Sales Cost Of Goods Sold Gross Profit Operating Expenses Net Profit from Operations Other Income Other Expenses Net Profit STANDARD STRUCTURE OF A CORPORATE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT: Profit and Loss Account for the year endedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Particulars Rs. Particulars Rs. To Gross Loss à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By Gross Profit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Salaries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By Interest Received à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Rent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By Commission Received à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Rent and Rates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By Other Receipts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Discount Allowed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By Etc., Etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Commission Allowed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By Net Loss (Transferred to Capital Account of the Trader) xxxx To Insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Bank Charges à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Legal Charges à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Repairs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Advertising à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Trade Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Office Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Bad Debts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Travelling Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Etc., Etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To Net Profit (Transferred to Capital Account of the Trader) xxxx Profit and Loss Account for the year endedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Statement Form) Particulars Rs. Rs. Rs. Income From Sales: Sales à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Less: Sales Returns à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Sales Discount à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Net Sales à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Cost Of Goods Sold: Stock as on 1stJanuary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Purchases à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Less: Purchase Returns à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Net Purchase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Cost Of Goods available for sale à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Less: Stock as on 31stDecember à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. COGS (Cost Of Goods Sold) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Gross Profit xxxxxx Operating Expenses: Selling Expenses:- Sales Salary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Advertising Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Insurance Expenses selling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Store Supplies Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Sundry Selling Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Total Selling Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. General Expenses: Office Salaries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Taxes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Insurance Expenses general à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Office Supplies Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Sundry General Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Total General Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Total Operating Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Net Profit from Operations xxxxxx Other Income: Rent Income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Other Expenses: Interest Expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. NET PROFIT xxxxxx GIVEN BELOW IS THE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT OF TATA STEEL LIMITED :- (This will help us understand the purpose of a Profit and Loss Account and also enable us to understand how a Profit and Loss statement is made.) Profit Loss Tata Steel Ltd Mar12 Mar11 Mar10 Mar09 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months INCOME: Sales Turnover 37,005.71 31,901.94 26,757.60 26,843.53 Excise Duty 3,167.20 2,594.59 1,816.95 2,495.21 NET SALES 33,838.51 29,307.35 24,940.65 24,348.32 Other Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL INCOME 34,389.27 29,635.26 25,272.24 24,653.68 EXPENDITURE: Manufacturing Expenses 5,608.38 4,463.65 3,803.33 3,349.96 Material Consumed 9,696.65 9,222.27 8,491.42 8,279.44 Personal Expenses 3,047.26 2,618.27 2,361.48 2,305.81 Selling Expenses 1,832.40 109.36 82.17 61.49 Administrative Expenses 2,119.56 1,922.33 1,622.77 1,518.83 Expenses Capitalised -478.23 -198.78 -326.11 -343.65 Provisions Made 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 21,826.02 18,137.10 16,035.06 15,171.88 Operating Profit 12,012.49 11,170.25 8,905.59 9,176.44 EBITDA 12,563.25 11,498.16 9,237.18 9,481.80 Depreciation 1,151.44 1,146.19 1,083.18 973.40 Other Write-offs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 EBIT 11,411.81 10,351.97 8,154.00 8,508.40 Interest 1,925.42 1,686.27 1,848.19 1,489.50 EBT 9,486.39 8,665.70 6,305.81 7,018.90 Taxes 3,162.63 2,912.44 2,168.50 2,114.87 Profit and Loss for the Year 6,323.76 5,753.26 4,137.31 4,904.03 Non Recurring Items 372.66 1,107.89 909.49 297.71 Other Non Cash Adjustments 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Adjustments 0.00 4.54 0.00 0.00 REPORTED PAT 6,696.42 6,865.69 5,046.80 5,201.74 KEY ITEMS Preference Dividend 0.00 0.00 45.88 109.45 Equity Dividend 1,165.46 1,151.06 709.77 1,168.95 Equity Dividend (%) 119.97 119.97 79.98 159.95 Shares in Issue (Lakhs) 9,712.14 9,592.14 8,872.14 7,305.92 EPS Annualised (Rs) 68.95 71.58 56.88 71.20 [The portion highlighted by a black box shows the Profit earned by Tata Steel Limited from 2008 -2012] HOW THE PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT HELPS THE CORPORATE DECISION MAKERS TO SHAPE THEIR DECISIONS? A Profit and Loss account provides a collection of operating data that can be used by corporate decision makers to improve corporate operations. Regular review of this statement can help the entrepreneur to adjust the strategic paths of the company based on the prevailing economic conditions. A Profit and Loss statement also helps outside investors to measure a firms economic viability in the long run. Also; Analyzing a statement of profit and loss gives corporate leaders the tools necessary to measure competitors progress in the market, hence improve their market share. The Profit and Loss account gives a clear view of all the expenses and incomes of the firm, hence a regular analysis of these statements help firms cut down their expenses. Creating a forum through which business unit leaders discuss and help top leaders set performing segments apart from activities that generate less than mediocre revenue. By reviewing the firms revenues and expenses, management can decide which segment to sell. A profit-and-loss report indicates to the rest of the world the corporate segments that are thriving, emphasizing products that positively affect the corporate bottom line.

Feudalism in Today’s Society Essay

When searching for information on feudalism it is difficult to find modern sources speaking of it in a positive connotation. Most seem to regard it as merely a necessary step to capitalism. However, there are many aspects of feudalism still present in our society. Our society’s modes of defense and organization, as well as the devices used to make our standard of living possible, can be traced back to the age of feudalism. The feudal system stemmed from the people’s need to defend themselves from their many enemies. The main reason that people were willing to become vassals and work for their lord was so that they could be protected by him (Tierney 162). In the same sense, people in modern society expect their government to provide protection from any enemies that arise. In the feudal system, this protection was in the form of armies provided by the vassals to the lord. These armies where made up of knights who where expected to fight when called upon by their lords to do so (Tierney 162 ). In modern society the armies are also made up of people in the community who are called upon during times of war through, a system of drafts. In the Middle Ages, when a neighboring fief controlled by the same lord was attacked, the neighbor was expected to help defend it (Feudal Life). If one of the United States is attacked by a hostel force, soldiers are drafted from all of the adjoining states, not just th e one under attack. The organization of the country into different states that are in turn divided into counties and cities is also reminiscent of the feudal system. Each successively smaller division is run by it’s own elected official and each official answers to the one higher up the ladder. This is very similar to the feudal system where the lord had vassals who in turn had vassals of his own and serfs. All of the vassals where involved in decision making of the land. Counsels had to be consulted before any major decisions were made (Tierney 162-163). Another thing that emerged in the Middle Ages that we still see today is the middle-class society. During the feudal era there were plenty of people who could farm so some of them started to do other things such as carpentry and blacksmithing. There were enough specialists  around that the farmers didn’t have to do everything themselves anymore. For example, many manors in the Middle Ages had mills on the property. These Mills provided everyone with the flour needed to make bread (History). Today, few people in the general population would be able to do everything required for their survival. Everyone has one or two things that they are good at and that they make their living from and everyone buys what they need from other such people. In order to make all of the food and other goods required to keep modern society functioning normally, many devices are used that originate from the time of the feudal system. Around this time, slaves were replaced by serfs and free workers so ways of making the work easier surfaced. One of these was the practice of using work animals to help with farm labor (History). Granted this is not practiced as much now as it was then because we now have things like tractors and cars to make labor easier, but there are still some animals used for labor. Another device developed during this time that made work easier for the workers was the wheelbarrow. This is still widely used today for all sorts of things, along with the gear or toothed wheel which is the basis for most machinery and clock mechanisms. Another practice started in the middle ages that is extremely useful to us is the use of wind and water for energy (History). We generally use the power of these elements to provide us with electricity where they used them for mills and similar applications, but the basic idea is still the same. So it is apparent that our society is indebted to the age of feudalism for many things that we take for granted. We still use aspects of feudalism for producing food, defense, and structuring our government. Perhaps those socialists that can only speak of feudalism as a necessary step to capitalism with an arrogant detachment to its true importance should be reminded of what it was like trying to survive during one of the most dangerous periods of civilization. Works Cited History of Feudalism in Europe; History Interactive. National Heritage Academies. http://michiganepic.org/NHA/Feudalism/feudalism.html. Feudal Life in the Middle Ages. Learner.org. http://www.learner.org/exhibits/middleages/feudal.html Tierney, Brian. Western Europe in the Middle Ages: 300-1475. Sixth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1999

Personal Transformation in Times of Dilemma

Many wonder what causes one to undergo a change of psyche. It happens in times of struggle and dilemma, when the line between right and wrong is skewed. Yet the cause of one to go against what they previously valued is as unique as the situation itself. In the story Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, these transformations are seen in characters of all backgrounds. Their Jump from one end of the ideological spectrum to the other is what the story aims to spotlight. Many are put in situations of constant stress and conflict, which seem to bring out a more unfamiliar disposition.This instability brings the possibility of the characters being psychopathic, more prominently seen in the character Jekyll. When faced with moral and ethical dilemma, the characters of Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde experience abnormal personal transformation due to distress and psychopathic episodes. These dilemmas push characters like the restrained and reasonable Jekyll to become beast-like Hyde. Constantly faced with the moral limits of his ambition, Jekyll transformed into a man with none of his prior values. The most prominent personal transformation in the story was faced by Jekyll.Beginning as a man of order, the pursuit of his twisted medical experimentations drove him to become an altered being. The altered being was Hyde, a man without the restraints and gentleman-like qualities that defined Jekyll. Stevenson's aim was to â€Å"attempt to describe the nature of an anomaly,† (Rosner. ) Whether the King 2 change Jekyll experienced is capable in all people, or Just a special few, is the question the Stevenson raised. The story featured a wide array of characters to show the many forms of transformation that people can face.Characters were given ersonalities and ideologies that were applicable to all people of the Victorian era. Utterson, an â€Å"austere† and honest man, along with Jekyll, represent the conservative side of the moral spectrum. The two men are focused and ethically restrained. While men like them were commonplace in the Victorian era, the generally straitlaced culture would also take a toll on the mind. Although he was a Lawyer, Utterson found that his ambitions were subdued by societal and personal restraints. He however remained on his original path, up until he became a close friend of Jekyll.Jekyll epresents what could be called â€Å"moral insanity,† (Rosner. ) Moral insanity is defined as â€Å"a morbid perversion of the natural feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, habits, moral dispositions, and natural impulses, without any remarkable disorder or defect of the intellect or knowing and reasoning faculties,† (Rosner. ) While initially Jekyll may not fit this description, as he continues down his dark path it becomes ever more prevalent. Moral insanity represents Hyde in Jekyll. Hyde embodies man's farthest reach from order and restraint; he attacks the innocent on impulse, and uides his life with beast-like aptitude.This savage nature does not abide well with the culture in which ne lives, as his primal ambitions are quelled by society . This side of Jekyll represents the terminal end of ambition, and the wild control it has over those who feed on it. The three main characters of the story each represent distinct dispositions: strong restraint, King 3 strong ambition, and one that is torn between the two. The restrained Utterson is conflicted with the dullness of his everyday life and his ambition to pursue the curious life of Dr. Jekyll. He sees the dark temptations that wait for him along that path, which makes him cautious.Hyde represents the burning ambition within Jekyll. Though his intellect remains, it cannot save him from the â€Å"moral weakness† that Hyde originates from. Hyde seeks to take over his other half by tempting it with wild ambition and exorbitance. From the extremes of the two previous characters, Jekyll's struggle in emphasized. The stressful dual-life th at he lives causes him to drift farther away from the norms of society. The less in touch he got with society, the more he began to pursue his dark experimentations. Hyde gained strength the more this happened, which led to an increase in psychopathic episodes from Jekyll. It was on the moral side, and in my own person, that I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man†¦ ‘ was radically both. I had learned to dwell with separation of these elements. If each, I told myself, could be housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable,† (pg. 123. ) Jekyll recalls his history and struggles with the duality of man. He has seen men transformed by the weights of life, which in turn has spurred one of his own. Throughout the story, Jekyll distances himself farther and farther from societal norms.The self-inflicted alienation, combined with his Hyde personality, make him a psychopath. As his transformation into Hyde continues , so does his psychopathic symptoms. One of Jekyll's more prominent psychopathic events is when he brutally clubbed to death Sir Danvers Carew. Sir Carew was a member of Parliament and a client of Utterson. Jekyll had no connection with the man. Hyde, â€Å"having no moral or social mores that need be followed,† (Sing, King 4 Chakrabarti,) impulsively bludgeons the man then flees. This impetuous act brings to light a ferocious quality looming within Jekyll.He attempts to defend himself, saying â€Å"l cannot say I care what becomes of Hyde. I am quite done with him. I was thinking of my own character,† (pg. 53. ) While Jekyll may believe that the heinous acts Hyde commits distances the two, it actually strengthens their bond. Both Poole and Mr. Guest begin to realize that Jekyll is covering up Hyde's tracks, which makes Utterson increasingly distraught over his friend. Such a psychotic event brings about a transformation within Jekyll, by not only feeding Hyde's influe nce, but getting himself urther entwined with his other self.Jekyll's transformation takes place as he alienates himself from society in order to find salvation from his condition. Throughout the story, Lanyon recalls Jekyll's pursuit of â€Å"scientific heresies,† (pg 35. ) Though it was clear that Hyde's influence was increasing, Jekyll was able to maintain the desire to remain Jekyll. Sadly, that desire contributed to his utter transformation. Focusing on his eccentric studies, he was under constant stress from Hyde and Society. The distress he suffered from caused his mind to weaken.Lanyon saw the consequences ot Jekyll's research, stating: â€Å"He began to go wrong, wrong in his mind,† (pg. 21 . ) The point at which he went â€Å"wrong† from was the untainted Jekyll, whom Lanyon was proud to be acquainted with. What drove the two apart was their personal involvement in the sciences, as Jekyll has much more of a cause to persevere than Lanyon. Now alone, Je kyll let the sciences overwhelm and define the direction of his life. In his letter to Lanyon at the end of the story, Jekyll describes himself living under a â€Å"blackness of distress,† (pg. 107,) to whichLanyon came to the conclusion that his â€Å"colleague was insane,† (pg 107. ) Jekyll truly crumbled under the weight of his scientific salvation. Not only did it leave him weak enough for Hyde to take over his mind, but it also King 5 contributed to his psychopathic tendencies. Jekyll's dilemma tested the boundaries of scientific ambition and one's morals. He showed how those guided by logic and reason can still succumb to ferocious ambition. Stevenson carefully crafted each character of the story to show different ideological standpoints' reaction to the same dilemma.Jekyll's psychopathic episodes rought about further transformation into Hyde, as well as increased the overall severity of his psychopathy. He was battling the influence of Hyde while also trying to find a cure for his condition. He was â€Å"different in mental and physical attributes† that were â€Å"constantly at war with each other,† (Sing, Chakrabarti. ) Personal transformation was evident in this story, with distress and psychopathic episodes clearly being the cause. Whether or not such transformation is capable in everyone, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde shows that duality is strengthened by distress and psychopathy.

How to Distinguish Between a File and a Directory in Perl

How to Distinguish Between a File and a Directory in Perl Lets say youre building a Perl script to traverse a file system and record what it finds. As you open file handles, you need to know if youre dealing with an actual file or with a directory, which you treat differently. You want to glob a directory, so you can continue to recursively parse the filesystem. The quickest way to tell files from directories is to use Perls built-in ​File Test Operators.  Perl has operators you can use to test different aspects of a file. The -f operator is used to identify regular files rather than directories or other types of files. Using the -f File Test Operator #!/usr/bin/perl -w$filename /path/to/your/file.doc;$directoryname /path/to/your/directory;if (-f $filename) {print This is a file.;}if (-d $directoryname) {print This is a directory.; } First, you create two strings: one pointing at a file and one pointing at a directory. Next, test the $filename with the -f operator, which checks to see if something is a file. This will print This is a file. If you try the -f operator on the directory, it doesnt print. Then, do the opposite for the $directoryname and confirm that it is, in fact, a directory. Combine this with a directory glob  to sort out which elements are files and which are directories: #!/usr/bin/perl -wfiles *;foreach $file (files) {if (-f $file) {print This is a file: . $file;}if (-d $file) {print This is a directory: . $file;}}​ A complete list of Perl File Test Operators  is  available online.

BSA375 Week Four Essay

BSA375 Week Four Essay BSA375 Week Four Essay BSA375 Week 4 Lecture Development & Implementation of Software This lecture will examine several additional areas related the development and implementation of software. First of all many organizations must compare and evaluate the costs and schedule tradeoff of building an information system in house versus buying a vendor software product versus having a custom system built by contractors. A number of organizations continue to build their own software today but usually do not spend resources developing standard administrative applications such as payroll, human resources, or accounting which can be purchased as Commercial off the Shelf software. Commercial off the shelf software is often referred to as COTS. In many instances, where an organization has a development staff, those resources will often be put to use developing information systems that can increase the profitability of the organization as well as those that which might provide a competitive advantage. The most popular reason behind purchasing and using the COTS alternative today is that the software can be acquired and installed within a reasonably short time frame with the functionality required. As previously stated, it is often more cost effective to acquire and install an administrative information system from a vendor if it will not provide any competitive advantage to the organization. Another reason for acquiring a COTS information system is the ability to acquire an information system that has been built by industry "experts" with expertise that doesn't exist within the organization. The need to customize software is usually the result of unique requirements identified by the end user management. The context in which customization is being discussed here is not the same as in-house development. This context for customization is related to the use of a COTS purchased information system. A valid situation for a customization can occur when the basic functions, data capture, and information output of the COTS acquired software appears to be good but not quite adequate fit to the requirements needed by the organization. Although customization does take place, a critical element is the access to the source code for the application. While it might be possible to acquire the source code from the software vendor, it might also be cost prohibitive to do so. Additionally, the modification to the COTS source code would likely eliminate vendor support of the product. The approach most often taken when using COTS is to develop customized interfaces from existing information systems to pass data into the COTS application as well as developing customized reports to satisfy management requirements. This approach is often a successful implementation strategy into today's information technology environment. Another aspect of customization in today's COTS environment is products that can be customized or parameter driven to meet the needs of many organizations. Leading COTS packages such as SAP, BAAN, Lawson, and Oracle can be customized to meet Copyright  © 2007 University of Phoenix. All Rights Reserved. the needs of different organizations in different industries. This form of customization does not modify the source code but utilizes organization data that is populated in the database along with operational parameters that will allow the software to operate as if it has been uniquely developed for the organization. When implementing an information system, there are various testing activities that must take place. The basic premise of testing is to make sure the software is working properly before releasing the software into a production environment. There are testing procedures that can be used to ensure the validity of the software. Unit testing is the typically the responsibility of the programmer. The programmer will usually create test data to make sure the program can process the test data without failure. One mistake occasionally made by the programmer is to

Media Stereotypes of Asian American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media Stereotypes of Asian American - Essay Example For centuries Asian Americans have faced the severe stereotyping from the rest of America. They have been shown portraying a typical role in the media especially in movies and sitcoms. The minority presence of this group of people makes it even more difficult to cut through the stereotypical behavior of the natives of the country. The media which is the major source of projecting the image of the Asian American can be called biased when showing the traits and personalities of this group of people in their movies. They show them rowdy and ill-mannered through the roles in their movies. The women are merely shown as desperate housewives and the males are shown as involved in some street crime or a terrorist activity on local and international level. The Asian men as shown in the US media lack self confidence and intellect. They are shown as outrageous people with desire for violence and are low in intelligence quotient as compared to the rest of the US male population. These Asian Amer icans are shown either unemployed or in a non-glorified job. They are mainly shown as working in small stores as salesperson where they are abused by the customers or driving taxis etc.

English grammar and spelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English grammar and spelling - Essay Example The part that I am doing is making a program by using Microsoft Visual Basic. It can control the wireless robot by the tool panel program, which is made in Visual Basic, by using the serial communication system to send the characters through the COM port to be received by the robot wireless device. In controlling the robot movement in different directions, for example; the Visual Basic Program sends character "E" for moving forward and "C" for backward, "S" for left and "F" for right and "D" for stopping the movement. In addition to making a screen in Visual Basic program, the user is able to view the live video directly by changing the size of the screen. The user can control the robot by pressing buttons. Apart from my own efforts, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of my instructors. I would like to show my greatest appreciation to my instructors for allowing me to explore fields like Robotics and Image processing. I am grateful for their constant support and help. The characterization of the BASIC language is easy to use and easy to learn. Most copies and versions of BASIC language allows the user to communicate with the computer directly. BASIC is used in the fields of science and commercial, as well as other areas. The Visual Basic program is one of the best programs for beginners. Also, the Visual Basic language is easier than C++ and Java. It is a programming language that is considered to be one of the most important computer languages in use today. The original name was Basic, but then it developed to become Visual Basic. Visual language is easy to learn, simple, powerful and famous. It also requires some logical thinking, though it is an easy way for most of the beginners to make programs specifically for them. For example, to facilitate their tasks of their daily jobs. The programming of the robot involves working on developing the capacity of some interested groups from the community; there

PHILOSOPHY - What is skepticism Describe Descartes' attempt to build a Essay

PHILOSOPHY - What is skepticism Describe Descartes' attempt to build a secure foundation for knowledge using his method of d - Essay Example Through this, Descartes hopes to find his foundational belief from which a reliable, clear and distinct philosophy can be deduced. But how will Descartes arrive at such a foundational principle? Descartes will doubt all his beliefs in order to arrive at the one thing which cannot be doubted further; this is Descartes attempt to build a secure foundation for knowledge. However, â€Å"is there anything at all that he can know to be true, that can survive the process of doubt?† (Williams 2005, 57) Descartes’ skepticism is termed methodological skepticism; this is defined as â€Å"the use of doubt methodically in order to arrive at true knowledge† (Lavine 1984, 95). In doing so, he first doubts his beliefs on sense perception, which he claims are by nature deceptive. Second, he doubts his beliefs on material objects and the physical world, which are based on sense perception. Third, he doubts his beliefs on natural sciences, which uses objects that are based on sense perception. Fourth, he doubts mathematics. In doing so, he invents an evil demon or genius that conditions his mind and deceives him to fall into error (Greetham 2006, 86). However, Descartes realizes that in order to be deceived, he must exist; in order to doubt, there must be someone doing the doubting. Thus, Descartes arrives at his self-evident principle, which can be stated in Latin as â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† or â€Å"I think therefore I am† (Copleston 1958, 91). â€Å"This proposition: I am, I exist, is necessarily true each time that I pronounce it, or that I mentally conceive it† (Descartes 2007, 430). So Descartes is now certain of one thing, that is, his existence as a conscious subject; that whenever he is thinking, he is assured of his own existence – but what about the external world? Descartes feared that he may fall into solipsism, the view that â€Å"my mind with its thoughts is the only thing that exists, the only reality: and that othe r persons and the physical world are only ideas within my mind† (Lavine 1984, 100). So in order for Descartes to escape the solitude of solipsism, he has to be able to prove the existence of something other than his own mind. At this point, he sought to prove the existence of God, and bases his proof on his theory of ideas and causes. An idea, for Descartes, is the effect of causes. Herein, he formulates three basic propositions. As Lavine (1984) explains: â€Å"there must be as much reality in the cause as in its effect, something cannot proceed from nothing, and what is more perfect cannot proceed from the less perfect† (104). Given this aforementioned background, Descartes (1993) begins with the claim that he has a â€Å"clear and distinct idea of God† as a perfect being (177). Since ideas are effects of causes, then something must have caused his having such an idea. And since its cause must have the same magnitude to its effect, and that something perfect ca nnot come from something less perfect, then God exists as the only possible cause for his idea of a perfect being, for something cannot come from nothing. Therefore, God exits. Given that God exists, how can this prove that the external world exists? Descartes reaches all â€Å"these conclusions by the application of a method of systematic doubt† (Kenny 2008, 36). Having established his own existence, as well as the existence of God, Descartes now replaces doubt with certainty. Herein, he comes to know that he gains knowledge of material objects

Food and Tradition Essay Example for Free

Food and Tradition Essay Culture has been existence since the time man came on the earth. Many ethnic groups have their own ways of living. Due to the new technologies and globalization, culture of many societies and families have been affected and altered in one way or the other. Some of the cultural traditions, practices, values and beliefs, values and virtues have faded away never to be heard again in within this new era with new generations. The roots of culture originate from families and clan. So the life styles are now being influenced from their fundamental points of source. This is not saying that culture will come to an end. Several families, clans which grow up to make communities and ethnic groups have struggled to this very far to preserve their culture. The survival of such cultural activities has created major concern over the last few decades. Most people have recently aroused the interest in cultural practices and this has contributed a lot to the tourism industry in our home country. Thousands of tourists are visiting our country entirely to watch over the oldest plays and cultural activities as well as to enjoy our traditional foods during such cultural occasions. This has resulted in dynamic, creative cultural practices of the oldest periods of our fore fathers. Food is something which is taken in the lightest manner possible by the new generations which we have in the entire world. They simply term it as nourishment that sustains growth or furnishes energy or does both to our bodies. They feebly attach much concentration on other importance of food other than the above. They have not known how much it contributes to the social and cultural welfare throughout our life. The role of various foods has deeper implications which are more than satisfying our hungers and other physical requirements. It may structures families schedules or it provide social activities which nurtures the family relation ships as people from one family interacts among themselves or with other family members. To a larger extend, it is used as a representation of certain ethnic identities. Thus, food is used in as part of family cerebrations or ceremonies as well as in our rituals. I as an indigenous person who hails from the northern parts of china, we have varieties of food stuffs. This ranges from the simplest agricultural products both from land cultivations and livestock. Although, the place has no reliable and sustainable rainfalls, many families produce farm products of horticultural natural through irrigation methods. Some of the produces includes vegetables and fruit, cabbages, squashes, pears grapes and apples. From livestock, they are vast lands in which people keep sheep for mutton and lamb. Generally, it is rare to get pork in such a place. This seems to have been influenced by the religion of the people. Most of the inhabitants are Muslims; hence they forbid the practice of taking pork. Pork is seriously fear by this people. The belief the eating of pork is like eating of the fresh of ones supreme being. So, the utilization of food is a very important part of the processes of life. Sometimes we fail to appreciate that food is more than just fundamental. The only other action that we connect in that is of analogous importance to our lives and to the life of our species is a sexual characteristic. But these two activities are quite different. The range of variations is substantially wider in food than in sex. In fact, the importance of food in understanding human culture lies precisely in its infinite inconsistency. For endurance needs, all men everywhere could eat the same food measured only in calories. However, people are of different backgrounds and eat very differently. Chinese eat varieties of foods in their meals which are characterized by quite notable flexibility and adaptabilities. The mixture of different meals in their ingredients remains to be distinctive in the appearance and tastes as well as the flavours. This varies from one cultural activity to another. During the festive occasion of circumcision, children are circumcised to graduate from their childhood to youthful hood. At this particular occasion, people use legume in higher quantities. This includes soybeans, broadens, pea nut and mung beans. They are used to make rapid healing of the wounds. It is also necessary to take bitter spices such as garlic and cinnamons which acts as reminder of the bitter activity they have gone through. (Gernet, 1962) Apart from circumcision ceremonies, many families do not eat meat products during the periods of tragedy such as death. In our culture, meat products are as result of shedding blood to the ground. Shedding of blood is one the acts which are sternly against the practices of our traditions. So, at such time of mourning, people cease from using the meat products which results from blood shed of animals. They believe that this is a sign of maintain peace with their super natural being. Once we eat such products, it like we are provoking the anger of the supreme nature. Thus, the common meals that are taken contain foods full of starch. Reference: Gernet, J. (1962): Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion: Stanford University Press

Colonial Society and Economy :: American America History

Colonial Society and Economy There were numerous effects of the French and Indian War; the Peace of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War, closing all French power in North America. With the Death of King George II, the new English king, King George the III, wanted to put an end to the French and Indian War, pursuing peace and agreement. With this agreement, the Peace of Paris of 1763, came many stipulations. The French lost all of their land in North America. Many of the area settlers were forced to leave their homes, and many stayed behind to fight for their country. However, British rule was already set to dominate North America. Due to new government rule, King George III, peace was now the mindset of the English. After the Peace of Paris of 1763, land and possessions were divided among Britain and Spain. Britain got all of the French lands and possessions east of the Mississippi River and all of Florida which was owned by Spain. To make up for Spain losing Florida, they received Louisiana, which at that time was New Orleans and all the French land that was to the west of the Mississippi River. After allocating this land, the French had none left in North America. Also, in the West Indies, the French forfeited Tobago, Dominica, Grenada, and St. Vincent, which was most of what they had in the area. Basically, the Peace of Paris of 1763 left the French with nothing, and that was the goal. The people of the Americas were also effected by the ending of the French and Indian War. After the English received Spanish Florida, they invited all of the Spanish settlers to stay and continue practicing their religion, Spanish Catholicism, but most did not stay. The Spanish king had ordered the Spanish settlers to leave the colony and gave them all free transportation to Spanish owned lands in the Caribbean. Most of the Spanish settlers sold their property within a year at very low prices and moved to Mexico and Cuba. The French settlers, however, mainly stayed in the area. French authority roused them not to leave, but instead to stay in the now Spanish territory and work to create a movement against further English expansion. There were a great number of French settlers in the area because the French territory, Louisiana, was very large.

Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten

Bilingual Education: Beneficial for Kindergarten to Catch it Young By M. H 7th December 2012 Abstract: Research has shown that bilingual education has positive effect on kindergarten children. The purpose of this research was to study the benefits of bilingual education, which further helped in recommending marketing campaign for the Canadian kindergarten school to increase enrolments. Several analyses were taken into account like â€Å"Simon Task† and core group task to understand the benefits. Study reveals that bilingual children perform better cognitive, analytical tasks and have better success rate than monolingual children.Keywords: Children, Bilingualism, Kindergarten, Cognitive, Bilingual, Education, Monolingual Page | 1 Introduction This report aims to address positive effects of bilingual education on young children and to provide recommendations to Canadian kindergarten school through marketing campaign to increase kindergarten student enrolment. Different research methodology taken into account in this report, which has been extracted from researches done by PhD students, professors, doctors and scientists to provide evidence on the benefits of learning in two languages.One of the approaches considered in this report was â€Å"Simon Task† conducted by Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada. This provides empirical evidence that bilingual kids outperform cognitive tasks than monolingual flock. Moreover, Bilingual children are more creative, intellectual and have longer attention span. Findings 1. 1 Perform Cognitive Tasks Better Several researches were undertaken in the past 20 years; to prove bilingual children are superior to monolingual kids.In the recent past, Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada evaluated children aged between 4-6 years. During their research, they made two core groups, one group was monolingual who were fluent in their native language . i. e. French or English and another; group was bilingual (with proficiency in both the languages, written and oral). The idea was to test cognitive ability of the core group for which â€Å"Simon Task† method was considered. It is a universal method practised by scientists to understand how human mind functions and performs certain tasks.The aim was to understand how kids respond to different colours and visuals. Hence, kids were asked to separate different shapes as per their colour and size, generated by computer which popped up from different sides of the screen. Results were surprising as bilingual children were more accurate than monolingual group. Study depicts that bilingual brain functions faster and has divergent thinking skills which allows brain to recognize and differentiate different objects at the same time. Therefore, bilingual children tend to be smarter than monolingual peers and perform cognitive tasks better. . 2 More Creative with Analytical Abilities A rese arch conducted by Dr Lauchlan in Scotland and Sardinia, Italy- 121 children under age of 9 were taken in a group with monolingual and bilingual abilities, and were asked to perform different mathematical, creative, linguistic and physical assignments. The emphasis was to evaluate how children respond to different tasks. The bilingual learner’s performance and intellectual capabilities were significantly higher i. e. (52%) than monolingual peers (48%) (Refer figure 1. 2) Page | 2Figure 1. 2 Pie chart adapted from data provided by Dr Strathclyde research. 1. 3 Greater Success Rate There has been sufficient evidence, which reveals that bilingualism is an asset, as it provides higher employment rates over monolingual person. As stated in 2006 Canadian census, knowledge of French and English provide more job opportunities as compared to knowledge of French or English alone. Refer to the following graph (figure 3. 3) Fi gure 3. 3 Page | 3 It is apparent from the graph that bilingua l people have higher job prospects.This is an era of globalization, where most of the organizations are multinational. Hence, organizations prefer to hire employees who are proficient in different languages and understand diverse cultures. 1. 4 Brain Development â€Å"Children who learn a second language before the age of five have been shown to have denser grey matter in their brains than their monolingual peers† (Dai, 2012). According to Cumming (2005) research shows brain has two prominent tissues visible to eyes known as white and grey matter. Source: Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757.In 2004 research conducted by Dr Mechelli and his team at University College, London, revealed similar results. During their research they evaluated brains of monolingual and bilingual people who were introduced to second language early in their life. One set of group started learning second language at the age of 2 and another people were introduced to new language at the ag e of 30. The study reveals, those who initiated learning second language early had better command and proficiency in second language. Furthermore, density of grey matter on the left side of their brain was higher. Grey matter is combination of â€Å"head† nerves functions for coordination and communication) Conclusions: It is apparent that children who start learning in two languages at early age have cognitive and linguistic benefits over children who are mono-linguistic. Also, it prepares children for future to get better employment. Diversity comes naturally to bilingual children as it helps them to grow, understand different aspects of life and prepares them to adjust in multicultural environment, as they imbibe certain characteristics during the course of time.Due to these characteristics it makes children smarter and more confident as they learn in two languages. Page | 4 Recommendations: ? Canadian kindergarten school should work on integrated marketing methodology to lure and educate parents on the benefits of bilingual education. Publicise print ads in newspaper, magazines and different educational websites focusing on curriculum inculcated by school, to ensure their focus is to flourish analytical and cognitive skills of kids while they learn two languages as bilingual kids tend to become sharper day by day. ? School should conduct ducational fairs near school vicinity to provide information and familiarise parents about bilingual education. Especially for a strong economy like Canada where people are expected to speak two languages. When children are introduced to second languages early in their life they learn quickly, master the art of language and become proficient as they are agile and creative. ? Prospective parents should be invited for personal webinar and chat sessions on school website. Prime focus should be on how dual language learning can transform kid’s life in a positive manner as it provides exposure to different culture and diversities.Perhaps, helps children later in their life for better employment opportunities. ? E-mailers and Direct mailers should be sent to parents emphasizing the fact that a child’s brain grows faster with bilingual education . Also, it builds analytical, mental, linguistic and creative skills by allowing brain to respond to two different languages. Page | 5 References 1. â€Å"Bilingual children ‘better at problem-solving skills† 2012, Scotland (UK),United Kingdom, Scotland, viewed on 24th Nov 2012, ; http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-19109883; 2. 3.CummingW(2005),† The capacity of the brain in learning multiple languages†, London Sage Dai, A,2012, It’s a Small World After All from, viewed 23 rd Nov 2012 http://www. thethunderproject. org/its-a-small-world-after-all/#more-1053 4. Genesee, F 2004, ‘What do we know about bilingual education for majority language students? ’, in TK Bhatia & W Ritchie (eds ), Handbook of bilingualism and multiculturalism, Blackwell, Malden, pp. 547576. 5. Hitti ,M,2004,†Being Bilingual Boosts Brain Power† MDHelth news, viewed 25 th Nov 2012 6. Lowry ,L, â€Å"Are Two Languages Better than One†, The Hanen Centre, viewed 24 th Nov 2012, ; http://www. anen. org/Helpful-Info/Our-Views-on-the-News/Are-Two-Languages-Better-Than-One. aspx; 7. â€Å"Language Learning and the Developing Brain† (1996, winter). Learning Languages, 1 (2), 17. 8. MarianV, Faroqi-Shah, Y, Kaushanskaya,M, H. K & & Sheng,L. 2009, â€Å"Bilingualism: Consequences for Language, Cognition, Development, and the Brain†, Asha Leader, vol. 14, no. 13,pp. 10-13, viewed 20th Nov 2012. 9. Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757 10. â€Å"The advantages of bilingualism in Canada† 2008, Canadian council on learning, viewed on 25 th Nov2012, Page | 6

The School Systems on Bilingual Education

Throughout the world, language defines who you are and where you come from. Something unique to the United States of America is that we not only have one language that unites us, we have hundreds that separate us; that is the core of the problem. Instead of forcing people to learn English as soon as they enter the country, the government has been mollycoddling and pampering non-English speakers. Such programs as bilingual education have been at the source of the problem. Bilingual education has said to many foreigners that its ok if you come to America and don†t speak English, it†s only our language, but we†ll cater to you. It all simmers down to one simple point that bilingual education is not necessary and is harmful to the United States as a whole. Voting ballots were just sent out in the mail last week. Something was very noticeable, not only was it in English, but it was in Spanish as well. One very common sign that English education in this country has not improved was just sent to millions of voters all over the country. If things do not improve, the children of those Spanish speaking citizens, in ten twenty years down the road, will be as illiterate in English as they were the day they were born. â€Å"The character of American life 50 years hence will determined†¦ by what happens in elementary school classrooms where immigrants† children are learning – or not learning – English† (Barone). Everything that influences a child†s life happens in their early years, and if English does not influence them then, they may never be. â€Å"†¦for many years Latino kids failed to learn enough English to score well on tests and qualify for good jobs, thanks to ‘bilingual education,† which in most cases was neither bilingual or education†(B! arone) The school system for non-native speakers seems not only inadequate, but in the need of great reform. Immersion seems to be the only answer to that great problem. It is not only theorized that immersing and teaching straight English would be the solution, it was actually tested out. Last June, California was the first state to completely do away with bilingual education with Proposition 227. â€Å"The proposition mandated that these students take English immersion classes, unless their parents specifically requested that they continue traditional bilingual education programs.† (Forbes) The government gave parents the right to allow their children to continue with the slower bilingual programs instead of letting them mainstream into English. Not only were educators against this move, but also President Clinton himself did not condone it. (Samuelson) The results, however, were overwhelming. â€Å"Test scores of children from Spanish-speaking families†¦.rose. In second grade, average reading scores of students with limited English ability have jumped in the past two years from the 19th percentile nationally to the 28th percentile. In math, the same ! students went from the 27th to the 41st percentile..† (Samuelson). With everyone against this new idea of reform for schooling, not only did they succeed, they out-witted 28 and 41 percent of the country. Something must be done right if such numbers jump in such a short amount of time. † ‘The kids have taken to English and are absorbing it like sponges†Ã¢â‚¬  (Wildavsky). Younger students have more of the want and the need to learn, they don†t become lazy or intolerant of school, something that develops during the teenage years. They have gained a language and a new place and outlook on the world. Along with this fast paced English education called immersion, comes along a new identity. Until a person understands and can speak the language of the country, he or she doesn†t really feel like a citizen, or an American. Many immigrants want this education for their sons and daughters, so that they can have a better life in this country knowing English, unlike them. â€Å"A recent national survey conducted by Public Agenda, a nonpartisan organization, reports that 75 percent of the foreign-born parents say that the school†s first priority should be to teach English quickly..† (Pedalino Porter) Immigrant parents are usually very strict on the English education issue, like most parents feel, they want their children to grow up and live American lives, better lives than their parents had back where they came from. Not only do these parents condone the teaching of straight English, they become quite rowdy if it doesn†t happen. â€Å"In Los Angeles, the parents of Mexican-American children! in the Ninth Street School staged a boycott, keeping their children out of school for several days in 1996 to protest the school principal†s unwillingness to increase the amount of English language instruction after appeals by the parents† (Pedalino Porter) The passion that these parents possess is so fierce for their wish for their children to have a better life, they would give up or protest anything, including a couple of days of their child†s education. â€Å"Of course, my parents replied. What would they not do for their children†s well-being?† (Rodriguez 532). With every parent comes that special bond with a child, life seems so trivial when you can give everything you have to better that child†s life and education. With the knowledge of English, American identity is finally found. â€Å"I came to believe what had been technically true since my birth: I was an American citizen† (Rodriguez 533). That identity can only be found through the English language, the only official and primary language of our country. The English language is what makes us, it is our identity, and it signifies that we are from America, one of the only countries in the world where a beggar can make it as a middle-class person. The downtrodden and persecuted alike flee to our country in hopes of a better future for not only themselves but also their children. Immersion of the English language is the only way that those people and their children can really identify themselves as being American. Without the language, those people are still what they were before, oppressed in the darkness of ignorance and disillusion. The only way to remedy that is to teach our younger generation, and teach them early enough, the only langu!

Why Are You Interested in Our College Interview Tips

Why Are You Interested in Our College Interview Tips Like many of the most common interview questions, a question about why you are interested in the college seems like a no-brainer. After all, if you are interviewing at a school, you have presumably done some research and know why you are interested in the place. That said, it is easy to make missteps when answering this type of question. Key Takeaways Be specific. Make sure youve done your research and are aware of the features that distinguish the college from other schools.Give a well-rounded answer. Try to find features on the academic and non-academic fronts that you can address.Dont focus on selfish aspects of attending the school such as prestige or future earning potential. Weak Interview Answers Some answers to this question are better than others. Your answer should show that you have specific and admirable reasons for attending the college. The following answers are not likely to impress your interviewer: Your college is prestigious. This may be true, but what distinguishes the college from other prestigious colleges? And why does prestige matter so much to you? What exactly about the colleges academic and/or non-academic features make you eager to attend?Ill make lots of money with a degree from your college. This certainly may be an honest answer, but it wont make you look good. An answer such as this suggests you care more about your wallet than your education.All my friends are going to your college. Are you a lemming? Your interviewer will want to see that you have selected the college because of your own educational and professional goals, not because you follow your friends blindly.Your college is convenient and close to home. Here again this might be an honest answer, but college is preparing you for the rest of your life. Proximity to home suggests that location is more important than your actual education.My counselor told me to apply. Fine, but youll want a better answer. S how that you have done your own research and that you are eager to attend. Youre my safety school. No college wants to hear this even if its true. Colleges want to admit students who are eager to attend, not students who look down on the school and are likely to transfer after a year. Give Your Interviewer a Well-Balanced Answer The interviewer is hoping that you are interested in the college for reasons other than peer pressure or convenience. Similarly, if you say you applied entirely because of a parent or counselors recommendation, youll be suggesting that you lack initiative and have few thoughts of your own. When it comes to prestige and earning potential, the issue is a bit more fuzzy. After all, name recognition and your future salary are both important. The interviewer most likely is hoping that you find the college prestigious. That said, you dont want to come across as someone who is more concerned with material gain and prestige than with pursuing your passions and getting a high-quality education. Many students choose a college based on sports. If you love nothing more than playing soccer, youre likely to look at colleges that have strong soccer teams. During the interview, however, keep in mind that students who are interested in nothing except sports often fail to graduate. The best answers to this interview question provide a balance of academic and non-academic reasons for wanting to attend. Perhaps youve always dreamed of playing on the schools soccer team and you really like the schools hands-on approach to teaching engineering. Or maybe you like the opportunity to be an editor for the literary magazine, and you are eager to participate in the English departments study abroad program. Know the College What you most need to do when answering this question is show the interviewer that you know the colleges distinctive features well. Dont simply say that you want to go to the college to get a good education. Be specific. Let the interviewer know that you were drawn to the colleges innovative first-year program, its emphasis on experiential learning, its Honors Program, or its international focus. Also feel free to mention the schools wonderful hiking trails, its quirky traditions, or its amazing lilacs. Whatever you say, be specific. The college interview is a great place to demonstrate your interest in the school, but you can only do this if you have done your homework. Before you set foot in the  interview room, make sure you have done your research and identified several features of the college that you find particularly appealing, and make sure at least one of those features is academic in nature. Finally, make sure you make a good impression by dressing appropriately and avoiding common interview mistakes such as showing up late, answering questions with one-word responses, or proving that you are clueless about the school